File Berindeks

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File Indeks

File indeks berisi kumpulan isian indeks untuk mengacu record di file utama. Isian indeks berisi pasangan nilai atribut kunci record dan pointer acuan untuk pengaksesan seketika record tersebut, yaitu ( nilai kunci, pointer ). Untuk record –record berukuranbesar, isian indeks sangat lebih kecil disbanding record data. Kapasitas penyimpanan untuk indeks lebih kecil dibandingkan file data sehingga ruang pencarian ( search ) di file indeks lebih kecil. Indeks selalu teruurut menurut atribut kunci agar pencarian dapat dilakukan dengan cepat.

Indeks menjadi efektif saat file berukuran besar dimana indeks mempunyai jumlah blok sangat lebih kecil. Proses pencarian di indeks yang besar dapat dibantu dengan peng-indeks an terhadap file indeks. Demikian seterusnya, pengindeksan sehingga semakin tinggi level indeks semakin kecil ukurannya sampai indeks terakhir dapat dimuat satu blok. Sifat rekursif indeks di computer mebedakan dari indeks di buku.

Jenis indeks

Terdapat dua jenis indeks, yaitu

  1. statis
  2. dinamis

Indeks Statis

Indeks diciptakan saat reorganisasi dan tidak berubah karena pembaruan ( update ). Record-rekord baru ditempatkan di file overflow dan dikaitkan record sebelumnya.

Indeks ini seperti yang diguakan pada file sekuen berindeks.

Indeks Dinamis

Pada file berindeks majemuk, pembaruan dilakukan terhadap file utama bukan file overflow. Karena record dicari lewat indeks, maka indeks harus dinamis. Begitu terjadi pembaruan ( insert, update, delete ), maka indeks –indeks diperbarui mengikuti perubahan di file utama.

Contoh indeks dinamis adalah indeks B-tree

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